Cameras - Revision history

Staffan Björk at 08:20, 21 September 2016

2016-09-21T08:20:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:20, 21 September 2016
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	== Consequences ==		== Consequences ==
	[[Cameras]] provide players with views of [[Game Worlds]], and ones that can be manipulated by players to allow them a [[Freedom of Choice]] in what parts of the [[Game Worlds]] they want to focus their attention on at the cost of having to perform [[Extra-Game Actions]]. By doing so, [[Cameras]] offers a way of controlling how [[~~Mediate~~ Gameplay]] occurs in a game.		[[Cameras]] provide players with views of [[Game Worlds]], and ones that can be manipulated by players to allow them a [[Freedom of Choice]] in what parts of the [[Game Worlds]] they want to focus their attention on at the cost of having to perform [[Extra-Game Actions]]. By doing so, [[Cameras]] offers a way of controlling how [[Mediated Gameplay]] occurs in a game.

	[[Game State Overviews]] are supported by [[Cameras]] both when they are used for [[God Views]] and [[Third-Person Views]] since in both cases players can observe [[Game Worlds]] with better views than any specific game element (for [[Third-Person Views]] a large part of this can be simply to see the entity tracked). The ease of using [[Cameras]], decides in a great extent how much games help players perform [[Attention Swapping]] - if controlling [[Cameras]] is non-trivial during gameplay this adds requirements to perform [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] during gameplay.		[[Game State Overviews]] are supported by [[Cameras]] both when they are used for [[God Views]] and [[Third-Person Views]] since in both cases players can observe [[Game Worlds]] with better views than any specific game element (for [[Third-Person Views]] a large part of this can be simply to see the entity tracked). The ease of using [[Cameras]], decides in a great extent how much games help players perform [[Attention Swapping]] - if controlling [[Cameras]] is non-trivial during gameplay this adds requirements to perform [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] during gameplay.

Staffan Björk at 09:29, 15 July 2016

2016-07-15T09:29:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:29, 15 July 2016
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	[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of this should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. They can also be used in the [[Third-Person Views]] possible in [[First-Person Views]] through [[Picture-in-Picture Views]]. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.		[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of this should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. They can also be used in the [[Third-Person Views]] possible in [[First-Person Views]] through [[Picture-in-Picture Views]]. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.

	There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options. [[Point of Interest ~~Indications~~]] are ways for games to take control of where [[Cameras]] are pointed to show players locations in [[Game Worlds]] that are important-		There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options. [[Point of Interest Indicators]] are ways for games to take control of where [[Cameras]] are pointed to show players locations in [[Game Worlds]] that are important-

	=== Diegetic Aspects ===		=== Diegetic Aspects ===
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	=== Can Be Modulated By ===		=== Can Be Modulated By ===
	[[Point of Interest ~~Indications~~]]		[[Point of Interest Indicators]]

	=== Possible Closure Effects ===		=== Possible Closure Effects ===

Staffan Björk at 07:35, 15 October 2012

2012-10-15T07:35:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:35, 15 October 2012
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	== Using the pattern ==		== Using the pattern ==
	[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of ~~these~~ should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.		[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of this should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. They can also be used in the [[Third-Person Views]] possible in [[First-Person Views]] through [[Picture-in-Picture Views]]. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.

	There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options. [[Point of Interest Indications]] are ways for games to take control of where [[Cameras]] are pointed to show players locations in [[Game Worlds]] that are important-		There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options. [[Point of Interest Indications]] are ways for games to take control of where [[Cameras]] are pointed to show players locations in [[Game Worlds]] that are important-
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	[[Attention Swapping]],		[[Attention Swapping]],
	[[Game Worlds]],		[[Game Worlds]],
	[[Mediated Gameplay]]		[[Mediated Gameplay]],
			[[Picture-in-Picture Views]]

	=== Can Be Instantiated By ===		=== Can Be Instantiated By ===

Staffan Björk at 12:41, 24 August 2012

2012-08-24T12:41:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 24 August 2012
Line 31:		Line 31:

	== Consequences ==		== Consequences ==
	[[Cameras]] provide players with views of [[Game Worlds]], and ~~those~~ that can be manipulated by players allow them a [[Freedom of Choice]] in what parts of the [[Game Worlds]] they want to focus their attention on at the cost of having to perform [[Extra-Game Actions]]. [[Game State Overviews]] are supported by [[Cameras]] both when they are used for [[God Views]] and [[Third-Person Views]] since in both cases players can observe [[Game Worlds]] with better views than any specific game element (for [[Third-Person Views]] a large part of this can be simply to see the entity tracked). The ease of using [[Cameras]], decides in a great extent how much games help players perform [[Attention Swapping]] - if controlling [[Cameras]] is non-trivial during gameplay this adds requirements to perform [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] during gameplay.		[[Cameras]] provide players with views of [[Game Worlds]], and ones that can be manipulated by players to allow them a [[Freedom of Choice]] in what parts of the [[Game Worlds]] they want to focus their attention on at the cost of having to perform [[Extra-Game Actions]]. By doing so, [[Cameras]] offers a way of controlling how [[Mediate Gameplay]] occurs in a game.

			[[Game State Overviews]] are supported by [[Cameras]] both when they are used for [[God Views]] and [[Third-Person Views]] since in both cases players can observe [[Game Worlds]] with better views than any specific game element (for [[Third-Person Views]] a large part of this can be simply to see the entity tracked). The ease of using [[Cameras]], decides in a great extent how much games help players perform [[Attention Swapping]] - if controlling [[Cameras]] is non-trivial during gameplay this adds requirements to perform [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] during gameplay.

	In games with [[Avatars]], [[Cameras]] are typically limited in such a way that they are always in the center of players' views (but see the [[Sims series]] for an exception). This maintains the symmetry between what [[Avatars]] and players sees so that [[Tension]] and [[Surprises]] can be achieved and also to strengthen [[Spatial Engrossment]]. In games with [[Units]], [[Cameras\|Camera]] movement is often completely free to allow the players to move between different game elements and to force them to make [[Trade-Offs]] between which parts of [[Game Worlds]] to focus their attention on.		In games with [[Avatars]], [[Cameras]] are typically limited in such a way that they are always in the center of players' views (but see the [[Sims series]] for an exception). This maintains the symmetry between what [[Avatars]] and players sees so that [[Tension]] and [[Surprises]] can be achieved and also to strengthen [[Spatial Engrossment]]. In games with [[Units]], [[Cameras\|Camera]] movement is often completely free to allow the players to move between different game elements and to force them to make [[Trade-Offs]] between which parts of [[Game Worlds]] to focus their attention on.
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	=== Can Modulate ===		=== Can Modulate ===
	[[Attention Swapping]],		[[Attention Swapping]],
	[[Game Worlds]]		[[Game Worlds]],
			[[Mediated Gameplay]]

	=== Can Be Instantiated By ===		=== Can Be Instantiated By ===

Staffan Björk at 08:44, 12 August 2011

2011-08-12T08:44:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 12 August 2011
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	~~[[Category:Staffan's current workpage]]~~
	[[Category:Patterns]]		[[Category:Patterns]]
	[[Category:Interface Patterns]]		[[Category:Interface Patterns]]

Staffan Björk at 16:22, 9 August 2011

2011-08-09T16:22:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 9 August 2011
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	[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of these should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.		[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of these should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.

	There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options.		There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options. [[Point of Interest Indications]] are ways for games to take control of where [[Cameras]] are pointed to show players locations in [[Game Worlds]] that are important-

	=== Diegetic Aspects ===		=== Diegetic Aspects ===
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	=== Can Be Modulated By ===		=== Can Be Modulated By ===
	-		[[Point of Interest Indications]]

	=== Possible Closure Effects ===		=== Possible Closure Effects ===

Staffan Björk: /* Interface Aspects */

2011-08-08T14:22:59Z

Interface Aspects

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:22, 8 August 2011
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	=== Interface Aspects ===		=== Interface Aspects ===
	[[Cameras]] is an [[:Category:Interface Patterns\|Interface Pattern]]. The choices related to [[Cameras]] are usually linked to the choice of [[Focus Loci]] in a games; those with [[Avatars]] mainly use [[Third-Person Views]], while games with [[God Fingers]] or [[Units]] mainly use [[God Views]]. Exceptions are however quite common, especially to temporarily provide a different view to highlight events or make certain activities easier.		[[Cameras]] is an [[:Category:Interface Patterns\|Interface Pattern]]. The choices related to [[Cameras]] are usually linked to the choice of [[Focus Loci]] in a games; those with [[Avatars]] mainly use [[Third-Person Views]], while games with [[God Fingers]] or [[Units]] mainly use [[God Views]]. Exceptions are however quite common, especially to temporarily provide a different view to highlight events or make certain activities easier. While designing [[Cameras]], it may be feasible to consider if [[Vision Modes]] are to be used in a game or not.

	Players can also be given a [[Freedom of Choice]] to manipulate [[Cameras\|Camera]] in several ways: by modify them the positioning slightly, by being able to switch between different [[Cameras\|Camera]] modes, or being able to move the [[Cameras\|Camera]] freely with certain distances from the entities followed. Making the decision to allow players to control [[Cameras]] require additional decisions to be made concerning what [[Extra-Game Actions]] related to [[Cameras]] should be provided: commonly panning, rotating, and zooming for [[God Views]] and rotating and zooming for [[Third-Person Views]].		Players can also be given a [[Freedom of Choice]] to manipulate [[Cameras\|Camera]] in several ways: by modify them the positioning slightly, by being able to switch between different [[Cameras\|Camera]] modes, or being able to move the [[Cameras\|Camera]] freely with certain distances from the entities followed. Making the decision to allow players to control [[Cameras]] require additional decisions to be made concerning what [[Extra-Game Actions]] related to [[Cameras]] should be provided: commonly panning, rotating, and zooming for [[God Views]] and rotating and zooming for [[Third-Person Views]].

Staffan Björk at 08:42, 7 August 2011

2011-08-07T08:42:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 7 August 2011
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	== Using the pattern ==		== Using the pattern ==
	[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of these should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.		[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of these should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[:Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.

	There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options.		There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options.

Staffan Björk at 08:42, 7 August 2011

2011-08-07T08:42:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:42, 7 August 2011
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	[[Category:Information Patterns]]		[[Category:Information Patterns]]
	[[Category:Diegetic Patterns]]		[[Category:Diegetic Patterns]]
	~~[[Category:Needs work]]~~
	[[Category:Needs revision]]		[[Category:Needs revision]]
	[[Category:Needs examples]]		[[Category:Needs examples]]
	[[Category:Needs references]]		[[Category:Needs references]]
	~~[[Category:Stub]]~~
	''Abstract game entities that provide view points of game worlds.''		''Abstract game entities that provide view points of game worlds.''

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	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===
	[[:Category:Strategy Games\|Strategy Games]] such as the [[Civilization (video game) series\|Civilization series]] and the [[Starcraft series]] allow the players to move cameras across ~~the whole~~ game worlds but the position of the game elements, and in many cases not even the terrain, is typically not revealed. [[:Category:God Games\|God Games]], in contrast, allow players to have a complete view of the area that is being viewed. In real-time games, players may however set the [[Cameras]] to follow avatars or units as they move.		[[:Category:Strategy Games\|Strategy Games]] such as the [[Civilization (video game) series\|Civilization series]] and the [[Starcraft series]] allow the players to move cameras across entire game worlds but the position of the game elements, and in many cases not even the terrain, is typically not revealed. [[:Category:God Games\|God Games]], in contrast, allow players to have a complete view of the area that is being viewed. In real-time games, players may however set the [[Cameras]] to follow avatars or units as they move.

	The [[Mario Kart series\|Mario Kart]], [[Super Mario series\|Super Mario]], [[Tomb Raider series\|Tomb Raider]], and [[Uncharted series]] games all make use of [[Cameras]] to provide third-person views during gameplay. [[Super Mario 64]] provides an exception to the rule that [[Cameras]] are abstract objects that are not explained within the game world: although not affected by events in the game world, the [[Cameras\|Camera]], and the ~~cameraman~~, can be seen in mirrors. Another minor exception is the [[Cameras\|Camera]] in the party game ''Monkey Boxing'' in [[Super Monkey Ball 2]]. This [[Cameras\|Camera]] can be hit during the celebration scene when one of the monkeys has won the game.		The [[Mario Kart series\|Mario Kart]], [[Super Mario series\|Super Mario]], [[Tomb Raider series\|Tomb Raider]], and [[Uncharted series]] games all make use of [[Cameras]] to provide third-person views during gameplay. [[Super Mario 64]] provides an exception to the rule that [[Cameras]] are abstract objects that are not explained within the game world: although not affected by events in the game world, the [[Cameras\|Camera]], and the Lakitu character carrying it, can be seen in mirrors. Another minor exception is the [[Cameras\|Camera]] in the party game ''Monkey Boxing'' in [[Super Monkey Ball 2]]. This [[Cameras\|Camera]] can be hit during the celebration scene when one of the monkeys has won the game.

	[[:Category:FPS Games\|First-Person Shooters]] do not use [[Cameras]] as the main way of presenting gameplay to players, but can do so for spectators and [[Battlefield series]] and later installments of the [[Fallout series]] use ''Killcams'' to present third-person views of noteworthy kills.		[[:Category:FPS Games\|First-Person Shooters]] do not use [[Cameras]] as the main way of presenting gameplay to players, but can do so for spectators; and the [[Battlefield series]] and later installments of the [[Fallout series]] use ''Killcams'' to present third-person views of noteworthy kills.

	== Using the pattern ==		== Using the pattern ==
	[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of these should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.		[[Cameras]] are used in games to create both [[Third-Person Views]] and [[God Views]], and which of these should be supported is a fundamental choice for using the pattern. Depending on which is supported, [[Cameras]] can be differently good at providing [[Surprises]], [[Tension]], and [[Detective Structures]]. [[Dedicated Game Facilitators]] are needed in both cases to generate the presentation from positions containing no game entities (although players of [[:Category:Board Games\|Board Games]] or [[Category:Miniature Games\|Miniature Games]] can partly get the same results simply by positioning themselves). In the following, the pattern assumes that visual presentations will be created but [[Game Masters]] can provide [[Cameras\|Camera]] functionality through oral descriptions and text-based [[:Category:Adventure Games\|Adventure Games]] through textual descriptions.

	There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which ~~shows~~ game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game ~~entities~~ (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options.		There are a number of different types of views [[Cameras]] can support. Two generic examples are ''over the shoulder'' views, which show game entities from above slightly to the side, and ''overhead'' views, which provide excellent relations to the surroundings but which offers little information about focused game entities since they look direct down on them. Both these can be modified by either linking the movement of the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to the movement of game entities or locking the [[Cameras\|Camera]] to a position relative to the environment (in effect choosing between a [[Third-Person Views\|Third Person View]] and a [[God Views\|God View]]). Some [[Cameras\|Camera]] views are specific to [[Third-Person Views]]. ''Chase-cams'' follows behind game entities as they move to convey the sense of movement while ''fly-by views'' lock [[Cameras\|Camera]] positions while tracing the movement of a moving game entity (this view can also be provided by [[First-Person Views]]). [[Killcams]], which shows [[Replays]] of deaths in games, can make use of either of these two options.

	=== Diegetic Aspects ===		=== Diegetic Aspects ===
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	=== Interface Aspects ===		=== Interface Aspects ===
	[[Cameras]] is an [[:Category:Interface Patterns\|Interface Pattern]]. The ~~choice~~ related to [[Cameras]] are usually linked to the choice of [[Focus Loci]] in a games; those with [[Avatars]] mainly use [[Third-Person Views]], while games with [[God Fingers]] or [[Units]] mainly use [[God Views]]. Exceptions are however quite common, especially to temporarily provide a different view to highlight events or make certain activities easier.		[[Cameras]] is an [[:Category:Interface Patterns\|Interface Pattern]]. The choices related to [[Cameras]] are usually linked to the choice of [[Focus Loci]] in a games; those with [[Avatars]] mainly use [[Third-Person Views]], while games with [[God Fingers]] or [[Units]] mainly use [[God Views]]. Exceptions are however quite common, especially to temporarily provide a different view to highlight events or make certain activities easier.

	Players can also be given a [[Freedom of Choice]] to manipulate [[Cameras\|Camera]] in several ways: by modify them the positioning slightly, by being able to switch between different [[Cameras\|Camera]] modes, or being able to move the [[Cameras\|Camera]] freely with certain distances from the entities followed. Making the decision to allow players to control [[Cameras]] require additional decisions to be made concerning what [[Extra-Game Actions]] related to [[Cameras]] should be provided: commonly panning, rotating, and zooming for [[God Views]] and rotating and zooming for [[Third-Person Views]].		Players can also be given a [[Freedom of Choice]] to manipulate [[Cameras\|Camera]] in several ways: by modify them the positioning slightly, by being able to switch between different [[Cameras\|Camera]] modes, or being able to move the [[Cameras\|Camera]] freely with certain distances from the entities followed. Making the decision to allow players to control [[Cameras]] require additional decisions to be made concerning what [[Extra-Game Actions]] related to [[Cameras]] should be provided: commonly panning, rotating, and zooming for [[God Views]] and rotating and zooming for [[Third-Person Views]].

	== Consequences ==		== Consequences ==
	[[Cameras]] provide players with views of [[Game Worlds]], and those that can be manipulated by players allow them a [[Freedom of Choice]] in what parts of the [[Game Worlds]] they want to focus their attention on at the cost of having to perform [[Extra-Game Actions]]. [[Game State Overviews]] are supported by [[Cameras]] both when they are used for [[God Views]] and [[Third-Person Views]] since in both cases players can observe [[Game Worlds]] with better views than any specific game element (for [[Third-Person Views]] a large part of this can be simply to see the entity tracked). The ease of using [[Cameras]], decides in a great extent how much games help players perform [[Attention		[[Cameras]] provide players with views of [[Game Worlds]], and those that can be manipulated by players allow them a [[Freedom of Choice]] in what parts of the [[Game Worlds]] they want to focus their attention on at the cost of having to perform [[Extra-Game Actions]]. [[Game State Overviews]] are supported by [[Cameras]] both when they are used for [[God Views]] and [[Third-Person Views]] since in both cases players can observe [[Game Worlds]] with better views than any specific game element (for [[Third-Person Views]] a large part of this can be simply to see the entity tracked). The ease of using [[Cameras]], decides in a great extent how much games help players perform [[Attention Swapping]] - if controlling [[Cameras]] is non-trivial during gameplay this adds requirements to perform [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] during gameplay.
	Swapping]] - if controlling [[Cameras]] is non-trivial during gameplay this adds requirements to perform [[Dexterity-Based Actions]] during gameplay.

	In games with [[Avatars]], [[Cameras]] are typically limited in such a way that they are always in the center of players' views (but see the [[Sims series]] for an exception). This maintains the symmetry between what [[Avatars]] and players sees so that [[Tension]] and [[Surprises]] can be achieved and also to strengthen [[Spatial Engrossment]]. In games with [[Units]], [[Cameras\|Camera]] movement is often completely free to allow the players to move between different game elements and to force them to make [[Trade-Offs]] between which parts of [[Game Worlds]] to focus their attention on.		In games with [[Avatars]], [[Cameras]] are typically limited in such a way that they are always in the center of players' views (but see the [[Sims series]] for an exception). This maintains the symmetry between what [[Avatars]] and players sees so that [[Tension]] and [[Surprises]] can be achieved and also to strengthen [[Spatial Engrossment]]. In games with [[Units]], [[Cameras\|Camera]] movement is often completely free to allow the players to move between different game elements and to force them to make [[Trade-Offs]] between which parts of [[Game Worlds]] to focus their attention on.

Staffan Björk: /* Examples */

2011-08-07T08:35:36Z

Examples

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	=== Examples ===		=== Examples ===
	[[:Category:Strategy Games\|Strategy Games]] such as the [[Civilization (video game) series\|Civilization series]] and the [[Starcraft series]] allow the players to move cameras across the whole game worlds but the position of the game elements, and in many cases not even the terrain, is typically not revealed. [[:Category:God ~~games~~\|God Games]], in contrast, allow players to have a complete view of the area that is being viewed. In real-time games, players may however set the [[Cameras]] to follow avatars or units as they move.		[[:Category:Strategy Games\|Strategy Games]] such as the [[Civilization (video game) series\|Civilization series]] and the [[Starcraft series]] allow the players to move cameras across the whole game worlds but the position of the game elements, and in many cases not even the terrain, is typically not revealed. [[:Category:God Games\|God Games]], in contrast, allow players to have a complete view of the area that is being viewed. In real-time games, players may however set the [[Cameras]] to follow avatars or units as they move.

	The [[Mario Kart series\|Mario Kart]], [[Super Mario series\|Super Mario]], [[Tomb Raider series\|Tomb Raider]], and [[Uncharted series]] games all make use of [[Cameras]] to provide third-person views during gameplay. [[Super Mario 64]] provides an exception to the rule that [[Cameras]] are abstract objects that are not explained within the game world: although not affected by events in the game world, the [[Cameras\|Camera]], and the cameraman, can be seen in mirrors. Another minor exception is the [[Cameras\|Camera]] in the party game ''Monkey Boxing'' in [[Super Monkey Ball 2]]. This [[Cameras\|Camera]] can be hit during the celebration scene when one of the monkeys has won the game.		The [[Mario Kart series\|Mario Kart]], [[Super Mario series\|Super Mario]], [[Tomb Raider series\|Tomb Raider]], and [[Uncharted series]] games all make use of [[Cameras]] to provide third-person views during gameplay. [[Super Mario 64]] provides an exception to the rule that [[Cameras]] are abstract objects that are not explained within the game world: although not affected by events in the game world, the [[Cameras\|Camera]], and the cameraman, can be seen in mirrors. Another minor exception is the [[Cameras\|Camera]] in the party game ''Monkey Boxing'' in [[Super Monkey Ball 2]]. This [[Cameras\|Camera]] can be hit during the celebration scene when one of the monkeys has won the game.